Soil Nails: Cost-Effective Stabilization for Construction
What is a Soil Nail?
Soil nailing is an engineered method used to stabilize existing slopes or excavations, utilizing a "top-down" construction sequencing approach. This passive reinforcement system is designed to remediate unstable natural slopes or construct new or existing over-steepened slopes using closely spaced steel inclusions. One innovative technology in soil nailing is the Soil Nail Launcher™, which utilizes compressed air to blast up to 20-foot-long nails into the slope at speeds reaching 250 mph.
A nail strengthens the soil by providing reinforcement and stability to slopes or excavations. When installed, the nail acts as a tension element, transferring tensile forces from the soil to the nail. This helps to anchor the soil in place and prevent slope failure or collapse.
Typically installed by drilling or driving a steel bar into the soil mass at a specified depth. The bar is then grouted with a specialized material to provide additional bonding and increase its load-bearing capacity. The grout also helps to fill any voids or gaps in the soil, improving its overall stability.
Once installed, the nail forms a structural connection with the surrounding soil. It distributes the tensile forces along its length, reducing the potential for localized failures. This reinforcement effectively strengthens the soil and increases its resistance to external forces, such as gravity, seismic activity, or erosion.
In addition to providing structural support, soil nails can also improve the overall performance of the soil-structure system. The installed nails act as soil probes, allowing for better understanding of the soil conditions during construction. This information can help refine the design and ensure optimal performance.
Types of Soil Nails
These nails are uniquely suited for collapsing soil or actively moving landslides. They have a high installation rate and high pullout capacity, making them suitable for both rock and soil masses.
This type of nail uses the nail itself to drill the hole, using grout as the drilling fluid. The nails are hollow in the center, and the grout travels down the bars and out from holes in a sacrificial drill bit. This technology combines the three-step installation process of a soil nail (drilling, installing the bar, and grouting) into one. The primary advantage of open hole nails is that the grout keeps the drillhole open during drilling, and the rotation from the drill bit mixes grout with the surrounding soil, resulting in a rough, irregular effective grout column that is larger than the diameter of the drill bit.
Launched nails have a high shear capacity to axial capacity ratio, with observed shear capacities of up to 20% or more of axial pullout capacity. Unlike traditional drilled and grouted nails, the shear component of a launched nail is not ignored in the design. The general design procedure of a launched nail wall is similar to other soil reinforced retaining structures, satisfying internal stability, external stability, and global stability requirements.
Soil Nailing Advantages
The installed nails are usually fully grouted and installed at a slight downward inclination, with the elements installed at regularly spaced points across the slope. Steel-reinforced rigid shotcrete or flexible wire mesh is often applied as facing to add strength and erosion control. Some advantages include:
Cost-effectiveness: Soil nail walls are more economical than concrete gravity walls and similarly or more cost-effective than ground anchor walls when conventional soil nailing construction procedures are used.
Versatility: Can be installed in a wide range of soil conditions, accommodating changes in ground conditions. They also perform well under seismic loading due to their coupling with the ground.
Design refinement: Each installed nail acts as a soil probe, aiding in design refinement during construction.
A soil nail system consists of various elements that work together to provide stabilization. These elements include:
Earth materials: The soil mass in which the soil nails are installed.
Tendons: The steel bars used as reinforcement in the soil nails.
Grout: The material used to fill the drillholes and provide additional support to the soil nails.
Facing: Steel-reinforced rigid shotcrete or flexible wire mesh applied to the slope surface to add strength and erosion control.
Connections: The connections between the soil nails and the facing or other structural elements.
Drainage: The provision of drainage systems to prevent water buildup behind the soil nail wall.
Transform Your Construction Projects with Soil Nailing
Ready to enhance your construction projects with cost-effective soil nailing solutions? Contact us today to discuss your stabilization needs and leverage our expertise in soil nailing technology. Our team of geotechnical engineers and construction professionals is ready to assist you in achieving optimal results. Don't compromise on stability and cost-effectiveness - choose soil nailing for your next project. Request a consultation now and let us showcase our attention to detail and commitment to excellence in construction stabilization.
